Stone Masonry | Types Of Stone Masonry

In this article we are discussing about Stone Masonry and Types of Stone Masonry.

Before going to discuss Stone Masonry  and types of stone Masonry, we have to know that, what is Masonry ?

 

Masonry :

• It can be defined as art of construction by which building units arranged and bonded together with mortar to form a homogeneous mass so it can bear the load without failure.
• Building units commonly known as masonry unit .
• Building units generally consists of  Stones, Bricks, precast hollow blocks of concrete, clay, aggregates, sand, lime, cement etc.

Stone Masonry and types of stone Masonry :

Stone Masonry :

• Construction using  stones bonded together with mortar is known as Stone Masonry.

Types of Stone Masonry :

Types of Stone Masonry are described by a flowchart given below. 

Fig. Types of Stone Masonry

1.Rubble Masonry :

• In this stone masonry either roughly dressed or undressed stones having wider joint are used.
• This is further divided into 3 following categories.

    i) Random Rubble Masonry

    ii) Square Rubble Masonry

   iii) Polygon Rubble Masonry

i) Random Rubble Masonry :

  a) Coursed Random Rubble Masonry :

• Roughest and cheapest form of stone masonry.

•  Stone used are widely different sizes (5 to 20cm).

• This Masonry is commonly used in construction of low hight wall of public/residential building , abutment & piers of ordinary bridges.

• Masonry work carried out in course, i.e. stone is in particular course are of equal height. 

Fig. Coursed Random Rubble Masonry

 b) Uncoursed Random Rubble Masonry :

• It is also roughest and cheapest Stone Masonry.
• The course are not maintained regularly.
• Large stones are laid 1st space between them are then filled up by means of spalls or sneeks.

Fig. Uncoursed Random Rubble Masonry

ii) Square Rubble Masonry :

a) Coursed Square Rubble Masonry:

• In this Masonry stones used having straight bed and sides.
• Stones are usually Square and brought to hammer dressed or straight cut finish.
• Work carried out in course ( layer) of varying depth.

Fig. Coursed Square Rubble Masonry

b) Uncoursed Square Rubble Masonry :

• In this Masonry Stones used having a straight bed and sides .
• Different sized stone( having straight edge and sides) are arranged on face in irregular patterns. 

Fig. Uncoursed Square Rubble Masonry

iii) Polygon Rubble Masonry :

• Stones are dressed in irregular Polygon shape.
• Stones should arranged to avoid vertical joints and break joints in face work as much as possible.
• Small stone chips should not be used.

Fig. Polygon Rubble Masonry

a) Flint Rubble Masonry :

• Used in the areas where flint is available in plenty of amount.
• Flint stones varying in thickness from 8 - 15 cm and length 15 - 30 cm.
• Arranged in the facing form of coursed and Uncoursed Masonry.
• Flint stones are extremely hard and irregular in shapes and Brittle in nature.

Fig. Flint Rubble Masonry

b) Dry Rubble Masonry :

• Used in construction of retaining walls, pitching earthen dams and canal slopes, compound wall etc.
• Placed in the form of random Rubble Masonry without any mortar.
• Hollow shapes left around stones should be tightly packed with smaller stone piece.
• Cheapest Construction and required more skill in construction.

Fig. Dry Rubble Masonry

2.Ashlar Masonry:

• Built from accurately dressed stone with uniform & fine joints of 3mm thickness.
• Arranging stones in various patterns.
• Ashlar Masonry further divided into following categories.

  i) Ashlar fine Masonry

 ii) Ashlar rough Masonry

iii) Ashlar Rock/quarry faced Masonry

iv) Ashlar Chamfered Masonry

v) Ashlar block in course Masonry

vi) Ashlar facing Masonry

 i) Ashlar fine Masonry :

• Each stone cut in uniform size & shapes with all sides rectangular.
• So that stone gives perfect horizontal and vertical joints with adjacent stones.
• This is very costly Masonry.

Fig. Ashlar fine Masonry

ii) Ashlar rough Masonry :

• The beds and sides are finely dressed in this Masonry.
• But the face made rough by means of tools.
• A strip, about 25mm wide and made by means of chisel is provided around perimeter of rough dressed face of each stones.

Fig. Ashlar rough Masonry

iii) Ashlar Rock/quarry faced Masonry :

• In this Masonry, a strip made by chisel is provided around perimeter of every stone 
• But remaining portion of face left in the same form received from quarry.

Fig.Ashlar Rock/quarry faced Masonry :

iv) Ashlar Chamfered Masonry :

• In this a strip is provided below is Chamfered/ beveled at an angle of 45° by neans of chisel for a depth of 25mm.

Fig. Ashlar Chamfered Masonry

v) Ashlar block in course Masonry :

• This is combination of Rubble Masonry and Ashlar Masonry.
• In this, face work  is provided with rough tooled/hammer dressed stone and backing of wall may be made in rubble masonry.

Fig. Ashlar block in course Masonry

vi) Ashlar facing Masonry :

• The faces of stone are roughly tooled And chamfered used in facing Masonry wall.
• These dressed or tooled stones are provided in face work only.

Fig. Ashlar facing Masonry

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